Likewise, in the episode "Space Seed", it is said that the 1996 warlord Khan Noonian Singh is from "two centuries" ago. Several interesting properties of helium were discovered in the ensuing years. [58] The pilot episode, "Encounter at Farpoint", also has a cameo appearance by Leonard "Bones" McCoy, who is said to be 137. "When you look at the chronology through this 500-year time period, the most recent growth for the trees, right around the time they all died, the growth really slowed down, which is quite exciting," Harley said. The Kilcher family settled in an isolated community outside of Homer, Alaska 80 years ago, seeking a more free and simple way of life. Roddenberry says in this book that the stardate system was invented to avoid pinning down the show precisely in time frame. The film was written and directed by AL.com's Ben Raines, who also filmed the underwater sequences and organized the first scientific missions to the site. In fact, the type of forest that Reese reconstructed isn't present on the Gulf Coast at all today. Two years after the initial nuclear test, another was conducted in the same location. When you think about the samples you collected, these are not ideal conditions. Expeditions that took place prior to 2010 are archived here. No version of the Chronology or the Encyclopedia has been published since 1999. The Original Series of Star Trek ran for three seasons from 1966-1969, and was later joined by 7 seasons each of Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987-1994), Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (1993-1999), Star Trek: Voyager (1995-2001), and a 4 season prequel series, Star Trek: Enterprise (2001-2005). Jump to year: 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 Additional Years It was in this now-inundated zone between the modern shoreline and the more distant ancient shoreline that the underwater forest sat. Columbus Day is a national holiday in many countries of the Americas and elsewhere which officially celebrates the anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Americas on October 12, 1492 (Julian Calendar; it would have been October 21, 1492, on the Gregorian Proleptic Calendar, which extends the Gregorian Calendar to dates prior to its adoption on October 4th, 1582). Becker said science provides such concrete proof of climate change and fluctuating sea levels that he fears the politicians of today are spending too much time arguing about what role pollution may have played in our current climate rather than focusing on how to get ready for the coming changes. All dilithium in the galaxy suddenly went inert, causing a massive loss of life and the destruction of every ship and facility with an active warp core. Harley, a dendrochronologist or tree scientist, took the lead in preserving and analyzing the physical pieces of wood collected from the seafloor. It can penetrate down through nine feet of sediment, trap this column of dirt, and bring it back to the surface for analysis. Commander Data but with a notably less advanced Positronic Network. [59] A second edition was issued in 1996. Star Trek: First Contact firmly establishes World War III ended, after a nuclear exchange, in 2053, but with a body count of 600 million. Within The Next Generation era, episodes and films are easier to date. Cypress doesn't tolerate saltwater intrusion. DSSL is a critical thinking and aptitude-based quiz competition where students can go from representing their schools to representing their states in a nationally televised contest and win amazing prizes along the way! Peat is decaying organic matter, present on the bottom of swamps and bogs. "No matter the question you are trying to address, whether it is drought, or how an insect invasion influenced some trees, or a disease, you start by lining up the rings and cross dating the trees. Harley does not dive. Predating the arrival of humans in North America and the pyramids of ancient Egypt by more than 50,000 years, the trees discovered in the Underwater Forest date to an ice age 60,000 years … And when it does, so will the sharks. The Voyager episode "Future's End" saw the Voyager crew time-travel to Los Angeles in 1996, which, as the Encyclopedia notes, seems entirely unaffected by the Eugenics Wars, which ended that year. In the episode "Bread and Circuses", Spock gives a death toll for World War III of 37 million. Andy Reese, a pollinologist at the University of Southern Mississippi, specializes in reconstructing the environments of the past by looking at the pollen left behind by various plant species. He's found the bones of a woolly mammoth and other ice-age land animals during diving expeditions on the Atlantic Coast and is at work trying to find signs of extinct squirrel-like mammals that may have lived in the underwater forest. Discovery takes place about 95 years after the events of Enterprise, with Capt. She usually studies coral formations, which can provide a record of what the world's oceans and atmosphere were like thousands of years ago. For all of the scientists working with the underwater forest site, studying the past is really about trying to understand and prepare for the future. [1], Note: Many of these dates are rounded-off approximations, as the dialog from which they are derived often includes qualifiers such as "over," "more than," or "less than.". From the time the trees died, a steady transition occurred in the pollen assemblage, ending with nothing but grasses typical of an estuary at the edge of the sea. Around 3089, the Federation and Starfleet Command leave Earth for a new headquarters location. He said that the past provides a key to understand how the forest came to be so far offshore. It is considered a treasure trove of information, providing new insights into everything from climate in the region to annual rainfall, insect populations, and the types of plants that inhabited the Gulf Coast before humans arrived in the new world. Underwater, where there is no oxygen, there is no decomposition. I can't think of another study that's been able to do this," Harley said. So I put the wood into a fume hood, where I could control the conditions a little bit. Soong maintained that he himself and humanity in general had learned the lessons of the Eugenics Wars and should not continue to hide behind those events when there was progress to be made now that the technology had matured and was much more practicable. Then, by measuring how many inches of sediment separated that layer from the surface, and from the deeper layer where the forest lies, DeLong was able to calculate the age of the forest. 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